CURL POST JSON Data from a File

Sometimes I need to POST JSON data to an API endpoint for testing that is too large to fit easily on the command line in the typical "{"id":1,"string":"something"}" format. Instead, it is much easier to just save the entire JSON structure to a file and then reference that file in the CURL.

For example, with the JSON data saved to temp.json:

curl -X POST -H 'content-type: application/json' -d @temp.json http://dev.com/api/

It's as simple as that!

How to Fix OpenSSL Heart Bleed Bug on Amazon ELBs

The recently discovered "Heart Bleed" bug in OpenSSL is an extremely critical security issue. Amazon has been working to get all of their environments patched to the latest version of OpenSSL that remedies the issue.

If you have Elastic Load Balancers currently using an SSL certificate that was generated via OpenSSL version 1.1.0a-f, you need to follow these streps to revoke the current certificate on your load balancer and upload a new one.

First, update OpenSSL on the machine you are going to use to generate your private key and sign your certificate. I have written another post on how to do that here: http://blog.matthewdfuller.com/2014/04/how-to-fix-openssl-heart-bleed-bug-on.html

Once you have regenerated your keys and resigned your certificate, you can upload them to your load balancers.

Within the AWS console, click "EC2" in the Services menu.

Now, click on "Load Balancers" on the left-hand side and select your load balancer instance.

Click on the "Listeners" tab and notice the existing cert:

Click "Change" and then click "Upload a new cert."

Give your cert a name, paste in the private key and cert you created earlier, and provide any chain information if needed.

Hit save and your load balancer will push the changes.

If you want to do this via the command line or API, check out the official AWS documentation: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/ElasticLoadBalancing/latest/DeveloperGuide/US_UpdatingLoadBalancerSSL.html

How to Fix OpenSSL Heart Bleed Bug on Ubuntu

If you're looking for how to update your Amazon Elastic Load Balancer, click here instead.

The recently discovered "Heart Bleed" bug in OpenSSL is an extremely critical security issue. Fixing it is relatively simple now that Ubuntu has pushed out changes to their repositories containing a fixed version of OpenSSL.

The following steps need to be run on each server that you generated a certificate or private key on. If you are using one certificate on multiple servers, then the cert needs to be revoked and regenerated on one of them and then pushed to each of the other servers.

UPDATE: Thanks to anonymous commenter for pointing out that relying solely on the build information is not completely accurate. Versions earlier than 1.0.1 are not vulnerable (although you should upgrade now that a fix is live for the latest version).

First, to make sure you (for some reason) don't have the latest version, run the following commands:

openssl version -b

openssl version -a

The response will look like:

OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012

built on: Wed Jan  8 20:45:51 UTC 2014

If the date is not more recent than older than "Mon Apr  7 20:33:29 UTC 2014" and the version is 1.0.1, then you are vulnerable to the Heart Bleed bug.

UPDATE: Reworded the above to make it clearer that the vulnerable versions were built before April 7th.

UPDATE: As James points out in the comments, different versions may have been built at different times, thus you should rely only on the date, not the time. Anything before Apr 7 is considered vulnerable.

Next, update your repositories:

sudo apt-get update

Once this finishes, upgrade openssl:

sudo apt-get upgrade openssl

sudo apt-get install openssl libssl1.0.0

UPDATE: use the install command to upgrade only openssl and libssl rather than upgrading everything on the server.

Once the upgrade finishes, check the version again. It should now read "Apr 7" or later.

Now, you need to regenerate your certificate using a new private key. This process is the same as it as always been, but I am including the link here for posterity's sake:

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-create-a-ssl-certificate-on-apache-for-ubuntu-12-04

(Use step 3 and replace the key and cert names with your existing ones to overwrite them).

Once finished, you need to restart your Apache server and any services using SSL.

Update: Now with video: